Appendicular Skeletal Reporting

Module title	Appendicular Skeletal Reporting
Module code	PAMM102
Academic year	2019/0
Credits	30
Module staff	Ms Lucy Banfield (Convenor)

Duration: Term	1	2	3
Duration: Weeks	1	2	2

Number students taking module (anticipated)	20

Module description

This module is to develop your advanced understanding and knowledge of the appendicular skeleton and to develop your image interpretation skills in order to provide accurate written reports. It will allow for a comprehensive understanding of appendicular skeletal trauma and will allow for the application of the knowledge gained in the musculoskeletal pathology module. In addition you will be introduced to clinical examination in the trauma setting which will serve to consolidate your comprehension of typical mechanisms of injury and how this affects the resultant radiographic image.

Students undertaking this module should be familiar with projection radiography images and be a registered healthcare professional. You will be required to hold employment in a healthcare setting where they have access to images and mentorship for the reporting aspects. Radiographers will be required to demonstrate HCPC registration.

Module aims - intentions of the module

This module aims to support you in developing your knowledge of the appendicular skeleton. This module will introduce you to the clinical examination process, mechanism of injury and will enable you to identify the radiological appearances of trauma commonly associated with the appendicular skeleton. The module will also consolidate knowledge and understanding of various musculoskeletal pathologies in addition to normal variants.

You will develop and enhance your report writing abilities and will be able to demonstrate a deeper understanding of how the clinical picture relates to the image findings.

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

ILO: Module-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

1. Analyse, interpret and critically evaluate radiographic images of the appendicular skeleton including complex cases.
2. Use clinical reasoning and critical judgement in the construction of radiological reports of the appendicular skeleton and demonstrate comprehension of the resultant clinical decision making process.
3. Use the current evidence base to inform knowledge and demonstrate understanding of the pathologies and trauma appearances of the appendicular skeleton.

ILO: Discipline-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

4. Demonstrate a systematic understanding of medical vocabulary and use accurate terminology to describe image findings precisely.
5. Undertake analysis of complex image findings and cases and apply advanced theoretical knowledge in the evaluation of findings in the context of the most recent evidence-base.
6. Evaluate the context of the radiological report and how it may impact on the subsequent management of the patient based on the current evidence base.

ILO: Personal and key skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

7. Identify, evaluate and maintain qualities to support effective communication in a range of complex and specialised contexts.
8. Exercise initiative and personal responsibility for independent learning and continuing professional development.

Syllabus plan

Whilst the module’s precise content may vary from year to year, an example of an overall structure is as follows:

A comprehensive understanding of:

1. Normal appendicular anatomy and normal variants

2. Appendicular musculoskeletal pathology

3. Mechanism of injury and radiological appearances

4. The appearances of minor and major appendicular skeletal trauma

5. Use and apply the correct medical terminology

6. Appropriate construction of radiological reports

7. Demonstrate an awareness of image quality

8. Appropriate diagnostic pathway and clinical decision making

Learning activities and teaching methods (given in hours of study time)

Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities	Guided independent study	Placement / study abroad
45	255	0

Details of learning activities and teaching methods

Category	Hours of study time	Description
Scheduled Learning & Teaching activities	15	Tutorials with clinical staff
Scheduled Learning & Teaching activities	30	Lectures - delivered by a variety of practitioners experienced in clinical image interpretation.. the module will be delivered over five 2-day teaching blocks and will involve; lectures, seminars and small group work delivered via a combination of 1- and 2-hour sessions, and a 90-minute image interpretation session at each visit.
Guided independent study	120	Portfolio - development of a record of practise radiological reports with a summary sheet demonstrating competence
Guided independent study	60	Guided reading
Guided independent study	75	Assignment preparation

Formative assessment

Form of assessment	Size of the assessment (eg length / duration)	ILOs assessed	Feedback method
Practice reports	Test bank of appendicular images each teaching block	1-8	Verbal
Online practice cases	Test bank of appendicular images	1-8	Written

Summative assessment (% of credit)

Coursework	Written exams	Practical exams
10	0	90

Details of summative assessment

Form of assessment	% of credit	Size of the assessment (eg length / duration)	ILOs assessed	Feedback method
Portfolio, audit and reflection	0	600 practice reports 20% of the total must comprise of shadow reports.	1-8	Written
Case report	10	Case report (3,000 word)	2-8	Written
OSCE	90	Plain film appendicular radiographic examinations. (2 x 90 mins)	1-7	Written

Details of re-assessment (where required by referral or deferral)

Original form of assessment	Form of re-assessment	ILOs re-assessed	Timescale for re-assessment
Portfolio, audit and reflection	600 practice reports	1-8	Typically within twelve weeks of the result
Case report (10%)	Case report (3,000 word) resubmission of original assignment	2-8	Typically within twelve weeks of the result
OSCE (90%)	Plain film appendicular radiographic examinations. (2 x 90 mins)	1-7	Typically within twelve weeks of the result

Re-assessment notes

In the event that you fail to complete sufficient practice reports to pass the portfolio component you will be required to submit any outstanding reports within eight weeks of the original submission date.

The final OSCE scores will be scaled in order that the final module mark is in line with accepted conventions in regard to the classifications awarded for successful postgraduate study.

The combined aggregate score (prior to scaling) for the OSCE's must equal 90% or above in order to pass the module.

Indicative learning resources - Basic reading

1. Adam, A., Dixon, A. K., Gillard, J. H. and Schaefer-Prokop, C. M. eds., 2015. Grainger And Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook Of Medical Imaging. 6th ed. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier. EHL (NHS): WN 100 GRA Vol 1 and WN 100 GRA Vol 2

2. Blankenbaker, D. G., Davies, K. W., Sonin, A., Crim, J. R., Tuite, M. J. and Andrews, C. L., 2016. Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma. 2nd ed. Elsevier. UL: electronic resource.

3. Dähnert, W., 2017. Radiology Review Manual. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer. UL: 616.0757 DAH

4. Davies, S. G. ed, 2014. Chapman And Nakielny’s Aids To Radiological Differential Diagnosis. 6th ed. Saunders. UL: electronic resource.

5. Fox, J C., ed., 2017. Clinical Emergency Radiology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press. UL: electronic resource

6. Grant, L. A. and Griffin. N., 2018. Grainger And Allison’s Diagnostic Radiology Essentials. 2nd ed. Elsevier. UL: 616.0757 GRA

7. Helms, C., 2014. Fundamentals Of Skeletal Radiology. 4th ed. Elsevier Saunders. UL: electronic resource.

8. Keats, T. E. and Anderson, M. W., 2013. Atlas Of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease. 9th ed. Elsevier Saunders. UL: electronic resource.

9. McConnell, J., Eyres, R. and Nightingale, J., 2005. Interpreting Trauma Radiographs. Blackwell. UL: 616.0757 MAC

10. Raby, N., Berman, L., Morley, S. and de Lacey, G., 2015. Accident And Emergency Radiology: A Survival Guide. 3rd ed. Saunders. UL: 616.0757 RAB

11. Renton, P., 1998. Orthopaedic Radiology: Pattern Recognition And Differential Diagnosis. 2nd ed. CRC Press. UL: 616.0757 REN

12. Resnick, D., 2002. Diagnosis Of Bone And Joint Disorders. 4th ed. WB Saunders. UL: 616.71075 RES (Vol 1 through to Vol 5)

13. Rogers, L. F. and Clark West, O., 2015. Imaging Skeletal Trauma. 4th ed. Elsevier Saunders. UL: electronic resource.

http://vle.exeter.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=6300

Key words search

Image Reporting Appendicular skeleton Lower limb Upper limb

Credit value	30
Module ECTS	15
Module pre-requisites	N/A
Module co-requisites	None
NQF level (module)	7
Available as distance learning?	No
Origin date	04/11/2015
Last revision date	17/12/2019