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Decolonisation and the Collapse of the British Empire, 1919-1968

Module description

The British Empire had reached the height of its power by the early 1920s. Within the space of four decades, however, Britain’s imperial system had collapsed. What factors explain the rapid disintegration of the British Empire? Geo-politics and relative metropolitan decline played a part but of greater significance were events in the colonies, where the rise of anti-colonial nationalism and violent insurgency hastened the process of imperial collapse. Focusing on Africa, the Caribbean and South East Asia, the aim of this module is to investigate the causes and consequences of British imperial withdrawal between the end of the First World War and the late 1960s.

Module aims - intentions of the module

This module aims to:

• Consider why the British Empire collapsed so rapidly in the decades after 1919, focusing on issues such as organised anti-colonial nationalism, the failure of imperial reform initiatives, violent insurgency and the effects of the global Cold War
• Consider the meaning and consequences of decolonisation for both metropolitan Britain and the former colonial dependencies
• To understand decolonisation as a national, imperial and global phenomenon that had consequences that lasted beyond the formal withdrawal of colonial control
• Develop effective communication and analytical skills, oral and written, to complete many of your modules and in a job after you graduate
• Develop your skills in researching, interpreting, and analysing both primary and secondary material, and in reporting on your work
• Provides an opportunity to explore an area of history in more depth, and helps you to develop the depth of understanding you will require to study more specialised areas of history
• Give you an opportunity to work in a team on a group presentation

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

ILO: Module-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 1. Identify and evaluate the key factors – political, social, economic and cultural – that contributed to the collapse of the British Empire
• 2. Understand the key historiographical debates relating to decolonisation
• 3. Evaluate the main themes in the subject and to collate information upon, and evaluate in greater detail, those aspects of the module discussed in seminar and especially those topics selected by students for their coursework

ILO: Discipline-specific skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 4. Analyse the key developments of the period
• 5. Collate data from a range of sources, both primary and secondary
• 6. Interpret primary sources
• 7. Trace long-term as well as short-term historical developments
• 8. Recognise and deploy historical terminology correctly
• 9. Assess different approaches to historical writing in areas of controversy

ILO: Personal and key skills

On successfully completing the module you will be able to...

• 10. Work both independently and in a group, including participating in oral seminar discussions
• 11. Identify a topic, select, comprehend, and organise primary and secondary materials on that topic with little guidance
• 12. Produce to a deadline and in examination conditions a coherent argument

Syllabus plan

Each week of the course will focus on a different theme, which will be studied in relation to one or more case studies. Case studies will be drawn from across Africa, the Caribbean and South East Asia. Whilst the content may vary from year to year, it is envisioned that it will cover some or all of the following topics:

• The historiography of decolonisation
• The British Empire in the inter-war years
• Party politics and the end of empire
• Colonial conflicts
• The Cold War
• The late colonial state and development
• Anti-colonial nationalism and popular protest
• Afro-Asian solidarity and Third Worldism
• Independence and national sovereignty
• Britain after Empire

Learning activities and teaching methods (given in hours of study time)

Details of learning activities and teaching methods

Formative assessment

Summative assessment (% of credit)

Details of summative assessment

Details of re-assessment (where required by referral or deferral)

Re-assessment notes

The re-assessment of the essay and exam are exactly the same, a 3,000 words essay (worth 30%) and a 2 hours exam (worth 50%). The group presentation will be replaced by a written script equivalent to 10 minutes of speech.

Deferral – if you miss an assessment for certificated reasons judged acceptable by the Mitigation Committee, you will normally be either deferred in the assessment or an extension may be granted. The mark given for a re-assessment taken as a result of deferral will not be capped and will be treated as it would be if it were your first attempt at the assessment.

Referral – if you have failed the module overall (i.e. a final overall module mark of less than 40%) you will be required to submit a further assessment as necessary. If you are successful on referral, your overall module mark will be capped at 40%.

Indicative learning resources - Basic reading

• Ronald Hyam, Britain's Declining Empire: The Road To Decolonisation, 1918-1968 (Cambridge, 2006).
• John Darwin, Britain And Decolonisation: The Retreat From Empire In The Post-War World (Basingstoke, 1988).
• William Roger Louis, Ends Of British Imperialism: The Scramble For Empire, Suez And Decolonization: Collected Essays (London, 2006).
• Frederick Cooper, Decolonisation And African Society: The Labor Question In British And French Africa (Cambridge, 1996).
• John Darwin, The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970 (Cambridge, 2009).
• Martin Thomas, Fight or Flight: Britain, France, and their Roads From Empire (Oxford, 2014).
• L. J. Butler, Britain and Empire: Adjusting to a Post-Imperial World (London, 2001).
• Prasenjit Duara, Decolonization. Perspectives from Now and Then (London, 2004).
• Robert Holland, European Decolonization, 1918-1981 (London, 1981).
• Martin Thomas, Bob Moore and L.J. Butler, Crises Of Empire: Decolonization And Europe's Imperial States, 1918-1975 (London, 2008).

Indicative learning resources - Web based and electronic resources

• ELE – https://vle.exeter.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=6241

Key words search

Imperialism, Empire, Decolonisation, Modern History, Africa, South East Asia, Caribbean, Conflict, Violence, Cold War, Colonialism